THE IRDAI VISION 2047
In News, why?
In order to enhance insurance penetration in India, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has assigned states and union territories to each insurer as part of its Vision Insurance for all by 2047 initiative. In order to make insurance activities simple, IRDAI plans to introduce Bima Trinity—Bima Sugam, Bima Vistar, and Bima Vaahaks—in partnership with general and life insurance companies.
IRDAI Vision 2047: What is it?
Objective:
The goal of Insurance for All by 2047 is for every citizen to have the right life, health, and property insurance coverage, and for every business to have the proper insurance support.
Additionally, it tries to improve the appeal of the Indian insurance industry abroad.
Pillars:
Customers (Policyholders) of insurance
Providers of insurance (insurers)
Distributors (intermediaries) of insurance
Areas of Focus
supplying the appropriate goods to the appropriate customers
developing effective mechanisms for resolving complaints
simplifying the insurance industry’s business process
ensuring that the regulatory framework reflects market dynamics
Encourage innovation
Efficiencies in competition and distribution while integrating technology and moving
towards a regulatory system based on principles.
Significance:
Having access to a cheap insurance plan that covers accidents, health, life, and property can benefit people in homes across the nation. These insurance plans would provide faster claim resolutions—often within hours—and extra advantages like yoga or gym memberships.
Bima Trinity: What is it?
“Bima Sugam”
It is a single platform that brings together distributors and insurers. Customers can easily purchase policies, submit service requests, and settle claims through one easy interface.
the Bima Vistar
It is a thorough package coverage that includes protection for accidents, property, health, and life. Each risk category has clearly defined advantages, facilitating speedy claim payments without surveyors.
The Bima Vaahaks
At the Gramme Sabha level, the workforce is dominated by women. They will inform and persuade women of the advantages of all-inclusive insurance, especially Bima Vistar. Bima Vaahaks enables women and improves their financial stability by addressing issues and highlighting benefits.
What is the state of the Indian insurance industry?
The Economic Survey 2022–23 reports that the country’s life insurance density climbed from USD 11.1 in 2001 to USD 91 in 2021. The non-life insurance industry had 2.6% growth in 2021, driven by rate hardening in commercial lines in developed nations, which resulted in an increase in total worldwide insurance premiums of 3.4% in real terms. The Economic Survey 2022–23 predicts that the insurance sector in India would grow at one of the quickest rates in the world over the next ten years. According to the IRDAI, India’s insurance penetration increased by 11.70%, from 3.76% in 2019–20 to 4.20% in 2020–21. The insurance density also went up, from USD 78 in 2020–21 to USD 91 in 2021–22. In 2021, the penetration of life insurance was 3.2%, which was somewhat more than the global average and nearly twice as high as the emerging economies. India currently has the tenth-largest market in the world, but by 2032, it is expected to have the sixth-largest market.
What are the issues facing the insurance industry?
Lower Rate of Adoption:
India has a lower rate of insurance adoption than other nations. This is due to the fact that many consumers are unaware of or distrust insurance. Only a small amount of those who reside in rural areas, where a sizable portion of the population does, have life insurance. Less than 5% of India’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product), which is below average for the world, comes from the insurance sector. Simply put, there needs to be more effort made to raise awareness of and trust in insurance products because they are not commonly used in India.
Product innovation is lacking
India’s insurance industry has lagged behind in terms of new product development. There is little market distinction as a result of the abundance of comparable products offered by insurance providers.
Fraudulence:
False advertising and information fabrication are examples of fraud. Customers-focused rules and the use of digital technologies may have unwittingly increased the opportunities for fraudsters to steal identities and submit false claims. In the last two years, fraud cases have increased, according to almost 70% of Indian insurers.
Management of talent
There is a skill deficit in India’s insurance industry. Experts in actuarial science, underwriting, claims, and risk management are needed in the sector. It is difficult for the sector to draw in and keep talented workers.
Slow Digitalization Rate:
In India, the insurance industry has lagged behind other sectors in adopting digitalization, which has led to a number of issues like ineffective operations, a lack of transparency, and subpar client experiences.
Claims Administration:
Customers may become dissatisfied and lose faith in the insurance business if they perceive the claims process in India to be difficult, drawn out, and opaque. This could be brought on by a lack of openness, ineffective procedures, and inadequate customer interaction.
IRDAI is what?
IRDAI is a regulatory organisation established in 1999 with the purpose of defending the rights of insurance customers. It is a statutory entity under the IRDA Act of 1999, and the Ministry of Finance has jurisdiction over it. It oversees the growth of the insurance sector and supervises it while keeping an eye on actions that are related to insurance. The IRDAI Act of 1999 and the Insurance Act of 1938 specify the Authority’s duties and authority.
Way ahead
A number of actions can be performed to enhance the insurance market in India, including utilising technology, aligning with consumer behaviour, optimising data utilisation, streamlining claims handling, implementing hybrid distribution models, and combating fraud. The value chain should prioritise digitalization to cut costs, boost productivity, and promote ecosystem growth. Through upskilling programmes, technology is used to improve staff productivity and skills. Insurance companies must adapt to dynamic shifts in consumer behaviour and tastes. Insurers can better satisfy client needs and control perceptions by providing timely personalised products and valuing flexibility above mass offerings.
Origin: TH
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES’ YIELD IS DECLINING
In News, why?
Retail investors may want to consider their investment strategy in light of the recent decrease in the yield on the benchmark 10-year government security (G-sec) in India. Retail investors were allowed access to the government securities market by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), but their use has been sparse.
Why Did G-secs Yield Decline?
After adjustments to the taxation of debt mutual funds, the yield on the benchmark 10-year government security (G-sec) dropped from 7.4% in early March 2023 to 6.9% in May 2023. Currently, it is trading between 6.96 and 6.99%. Indexation was no longer a factor in determining the long-term capital gains for debt mutual funds. The decline in government security yields has been influenced by a number of variables, including changes in the taxation of debt mutual funds, the RBI’s decision regarding the repo rate, and falling inflation.
What Causes Retail Investors to Participate So Little in G-Secs?
Absence of Investor Advice:
Government bond investing is challenging for novice investors, who often need assistance, possibly from intermediaries.
Liquidity Restriction:
Due to the G-Sec market’s lack of liquidity, it might be difficult for small-scale investors to locate secondary market purchasers when they want to sell their securities. Investors may end up stranded with their investments as a result of the lack of liquidity.
Investment Complexity:
Retail investors, especially those who are ill-informed, can find the G-Secs investment procedure intimidating and would rather choose a more straightforward investment choice, like a fixed deposit. The RBI Retail Direct platform is advantageous for knowledgeable investors, however it might not be suitable for less knowledgeable participants who need a more straightforward investment process.
A small amount of trading:
Retail investors’ appeal is further diminished by the comparatively low traded volume in the secondary market for G-Secs.
Other Investment Possibilities:
Retail investors might also think about examining new bonds, NCDs (Non-Convertible Debentures), and post office deposit plans, as well as term deposits, which now provide higher interest rates.
Government Securities: What Are They?
About:
A G-Sec is a tradeable security that the federal or state governments have issued. A G-Sec is a specific kind of debt instrument that the government issues to borrow money from the general people to pay for its fiscal deficit. A financial instrument known as a debt instrument represents the issuer’s legal commitment to pay the bearer a specific sum of money, known as the principle or face value, on a given date. It accepts the government’s debt responsibility. These securities can be either short-term (often known as Treasury Bills, currently issued in three tenors: 91-day, 182 day, and 364) or long-term (typically known as Government Bonds or dated securities, with an original maturity of one year or more). In India, the State Government exclusively issues bonds or dated securities known as State Development Loans (SDLs), while the Central Government issues both Treasury Bills and Bonds or Dated Securities. G-Secs are referred to as risk-free gilt-edged products since they have almost no default risk. Gilt-edged securities are high-grade investment bonds that are made available by governments and big businesses to borrow money. To alter the conditions of the money supply, the RBI undertakes (Open Market Operations) OMOs for the selling or purchase of G-secs. When the system is deficient in liquidity, the RBI sells G-secs and then buys them back to replenish it.
Debt Yield:
The return an investor receives from a bond is known as the yield. The annual coupon rate divided by the bond’s current market price is the mathematical formula for computing yield. The relationship between price and yield is inverse: As a bond’s price increases, its yield decreases, and vice versa.
Bond:
It is a tool for borrowing money. A firm or the government of a nation could issue bonds to raise money.
Discount Rate
It is the percentage of the bond’s face value that bond issuers pay in interest.
What Kinds of G-Secs Exist?
T-bills, or Treasury Bills:
Treasury bills are interest-free securities with zero coupon payments. They are instead issued at a discount and redeemed at face value when they reach maturity.
Bills for cash management (CMBs):
In order to address temporary imbalances in the government of India’s cash flow, the government of India established a new short-term instrument known as CMBs in 2010 after consulting with the RBI. The CMBs are issued for maturities fewer than 91 days but have the same general characteristics as T-bills.
Archived G-Secs
Dated G-Secs are securities that are paid at face value every six months and have a fixed or adjustable coupon (interest rate). The tenor of dated securities typically spans from 5 to 40 years.
SDLs (State Development Loans):
SDLs are market-based loans that state governments can also get. Similar to the auctions held for dated securities issued by the Central Government, SDLs are dated securities issued by regular auction.
Previous Year Questions (PYQ) for the UPSC Civil Services Exam
Prelims
- ‘Open Market Operations’ in the context of the Indian economy (2013)
(a) Scheduled banks borrowing from the RBI
(a) Commercial banks lending to industry and trade
(c) the RBI’s purchase and sale of government securities
- d) None of the preceding
Ans: (c)
Q.2 Take into account the following claims: (2018)
- Government of India Securities are managed and serviced by the Reserve Bank of India, whereas State Government Securities are not.
- The Government of India is the only entity that issues treasury bills; state governments do not issue treasury banknotes.
- Treasury bills are sold for less than their face value.
Which of the aforementioned statements is true?
(a) Only 1 and 2
(b) 3 only
just (c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: (c)
Origin: IE
PUBLIC POPULATION DATABASE
In News, why?
The National Population Register (NPR), which enables residents to self-enumerate for Census 2021, has been made mandatory by the government for those who prefer to complete the census form themselves as opposed to depending on government enumerators. Self-enumeration is the process of having respondents fill out census survey questionnaires on their own. Only homes that have updated NPR online will receive a self-enumeration. Aadhaar or a mobile number must be obtained in order to self-enumerate.
What set of questionnaires for the upcoming census have been finalised?
The next Census will be the first to be conducted digitally, allowing participants to react from the comfort of their own homes. While the questions for the Population Enumeration phase have not yet been announced, the set of questions for the Houselisting and Housing Schedule phase has been finalised. New questions regarding journey time and the use of metro rail for commuting are revealed when the 2011 Census is compared to the next one. Additional categories in the inquiry about impairments include blood disorder, acid attack, and intellectual disability. Whether those who live in rented homes possess residential property elsewhere or do not own any will also be gathered in the upcoming Census. On the availability of drinking water within a certain range of the premises, clarifications are given.
The National Population Register is what?
About:
NPR is a database that has a list of all regular citizens of the nation. For the purposes of NPR, a person who has lived somewhere for at least six months and plans to stay another six is referred to as a typical resident. Its goal is to compile a thorough identity database of everyone who lives in the nation. During the Census’ “house-listing” phase, it is produced through house-to-house enumeration. NPR started being gathered in 2010. It provides information on 119 crore residents and was updated in 2015. The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) revised the 1990 Census Rules in March 2020 to allow for self-enumeration by respondents and to gather and preserve Census data in an electronic format.
Legal Support:
The Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and Issue of National Identity Cards) Rules, 2003 and the Citizenship Act of 1955’s requirements govern the creation of the NPR. Every “usual resident of India” is required to register with the NPR.
Significance:
Data on residents across numerous platforms will be streamlined. For instance, it is typical to see a person’s birthdate differ on various government documents. NPR will assist in removing that. It will improve policy formulation for the government and benefit national security. In a manner similar to how Aadhaar has helped, it will aid in better targeting of government recipients and further reduce paperwork and red tape. It will assist in putting into practise the government’s newly proposed “One Identity Card” notion. Aadhaar cards, voter ID cards, banking cards, passports, and other forms of segregated paperwork are all intended to be replaced by the “One Identity Card.”
NRC and NPR
NPR is the initial stage towards compiling a National Register of Citizens (NRC), as per Citizenship Rules 2003. A national NRC could proceed to validating the citizens from that list when a list of residents (i.e., NPR) has been generated. The NPR, in contrast to the NRC, does not serve as a citizenship enumeration campaign because it keeps track of foreign residents who stay in a community for more than six months. The National Registration Certificate (NRC) is a registry created after the Census of 1951 was conducted in respect of each village, showing the dwellings or holdings in a serial sequence and stating against each house or holding the number and names of people residing within.
What distinguishes the NPR from the Census?
Objective:
The census involves filling out a detailed questionnaire, which in the case of the 2011 count required 29 items, to obtain information about each person’s age, sex, marital status, number of children, occupation, place of birth, mother tongue, religion, level of disability, and membership in any Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes. NPR, on the other hand, gathers basic biometric and demographic information.
Legal Support:
The Census Act of 1948 provides legal support for the census. A procedure known as the NPR is described in a set of regulations created under the Citizenship Act of 1955.
a thorough identity database
Contrary to the Census, the NPR is an exhaustive identity database of every “usual resident” in the nation, and the information that is envisaged to be collected at the family level can be shared with States and other government agencies. Even the Census also gathers comparable data, the Census Act of 1948 prohibits sharing any individual’s data with the State or the Centre and only permits the publication of aggregate data at the administrative level.
Previous Year Questions (PYQ) for the UPSC Civil Services Exam
Prelims
- Take into account the following statements:
- India’s population density grew more than three times during the Censuses of 1951 and 2001.
- India’s population doubled in annual growth rate (exponential) between Census 1951 and Census 2001.
Which of the aforementioned statements is true?
(a) 1 alone
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 2 together
None of 1 or 2 (d)
Ans: (d)
Exp:
The density of the population is one of the key indicators of population concentration. The number of people per square kilometre is how it is defined. India’s population density in 2001 was 324 people per square kilometre, compared to 117 in 1951. As a result, the density rose by more than twice but not by three times. As a result, statement 1 is untrue.
The density of India was only 77 at the start of the 20th century, in 1901, and it progressively climbed from one decade to the next to reach 324 in 2001. In 1951, the average Annual Growth Rate was 1.25; in 2001, it was 1.93. As a result, it rose but did not double. As a result, assertion 2 is untrue.
As a result, choice D is the right response.
Mains
- The Adhaar Card and NPR government programmes, one of which is voluntary and the other is mandatory, have generated controversy at the national level as well as legal disputes. Discuss the pros of running both systems simultaneously versus not. Examine the schemes’ ability to promote equitable growth and developmental advantages. (2014)
Origin: TH
NITI AAYOG’S 8TH GOVERNING COUNCIL MEETING
In News, why?
The eighth Governing Council Meeting of NITI Aayog was recently presided over by the Prime Minister of India. Chief Ministers and Lieutenant Governors from 19 States and 6 UTs were present.
What were the Meeting’s High Points?
Theme:
Viksit Bharat @ 2047: Team India’s function.
Address of the PM
The goal of a “Viksit Bharat (Developed India)” in 2047 would require “Team India”—the Centre and the States—to collaborate. In order to help the States create their strategies for the next 25 years and integrate them with the national development strategy, NITI Aayog can play a crucial role. The country was invited to cooperate with the Aayog so that it may make a giant step towards realising its goal for the “Amrit Kaal.” The promotion of “Shree Anna” during the International Year of Millets is something that the States and the Centre must do. He also discussed the importance of implementing the “Amrit Sarovar” initiative to conserve water.
What is the Governing Council of NITI Aayog?
With the active participation of States and Union Territories, it is the foremost entity entrusted with creating a shared vision of national objectives and strategies. It serves as a forum for discussion of federal, interdepartmental, and cross-sectoral concerns.
It includes:
the Indian Prime Minister.
the legislature and the chief ministers of all the states and union territories.
Other UT’s Lt. Governors.
Ex-Officio Participants,
Vice President of NITI Aayog,
NITI Aayog Full-Time Members.
Special Guests.
Describe NITI Aayog.
About:
On January 1st, 2015, a new institution called NITI Aayog took the place of the Planning Commission, emphasising a “Bottom-Up” approach to envision the vision of Maximum Governance, Minimum Government, and mirroring the spirit of “Cooperative Federalism.”
There are two Hubs.
An intermediary between the States and the Centre is Team India Hub.
The Knowledge and Innovation Hub develops NITI Aayog’s capacity as a think tank.
Initiatives:
India SDG Index
Water Management Index Composite
Innovation Mission Atal
SATH Initiative.
Desirable District Programme
Index of School Education Quality
Index for District Hospitals
Health Rating
Farmer-friendly reforms and agriculture marketing index
Index of Indian Innovation
Awards for Women Transforming India
Index of good governance
Previous Year Questions (PYQs) for the UPSC Civil Services Exam
Prelims
- The Atal Innovation Mission was founded as part of the (2019)
Department of Science and Technology, to start with
(a) Department of Labour and Employment
NITI Aayog, c
(c) The Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Skill Development
Ans: (c)
- The NITI Aayog has been established by the Indian government to replace the (2015)
Human Rights Commission (a)
Finance Commission (b)
Law Commission (c)
Planning Commission, (d)
Ans: (d)
Mains
How do the ideals upheld by the NITI Aayog vary from those upheld by India’s former Planning Commission? (2018)
Origin: PIB
DANCING GIRL FIGURINE
In News, why?
The International Museum Expo 2023 in Delhi has a mascot that was a “contemporized” rendition of the Mohenjodaro statue of the Dancing Girl. This mascot was made using a traditional technique for Channapatna toys, which is also marked with a GI (geographical indication) tag. However, because it has been changed from its original form, it has recently caused controversy. It was justified by the Ministry of Culture as a creative craft project and a modern interpretation of dwarpals, or Door Guardians.
What Does the Figure of the Dancing Girl Mean?
About:
One of the most well-known and recognisable items from the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), also known as the Harappan Civilization, is the figure of a dancing girl. It was found in Mohenjodaro, one of the biggest and most sophisticated urban centres of the ancient world, in 1926 by archaeologist Ernest Mackay. The sculpture was created using the lost wax method and is composed of bronze.
The Dancing Girl’s Meaning:
The figurine’s existence suggests that fine art existed in Harappan civilisation, demonstrating their level of artistic expertise. The Dancing Girl’s precise construction and symbolic beauty imply that it was not made as a functional object but rather as a culturally significant symbol. Along with catching the finer features of the girl’s anatomy, expression, and stance, the figurine also demonstrates an amazing sense of realism and naturalism. AL Basham, a historian, also complimented her vivacious pertness, which set her apart from the works of other ancient civilisations.
Location of the Dancer Right Now:
The Dancing Girl stayed in India as per a deal even though Mohenjodaro and Harappa were included in Pakistan after the Partition. The bronze statue is currently kept in the National Museum of India, where it serves as the “star object” of the exhibit on Indus Civilization and captivates tourists.
The Lost Wax Technique is what?
Making a wax replica of the intended object and encasing it in a mould are both steps in the process. Typically, a heat-resistant substance like plaster or ceramic is used to create the mould. The wax is melted and removed from the mould once it has been made, leaving a hollow cavity in the shape of the original wax figure behind. The area left by the wax is then filled with molten metal, such as bronze or silver, which is poured into the cavity of the mould. After cooling and solidifying, the metal assumes the form of the original wax model. The final metal object is revealed once the metal has cooled and the mould has been broken or otherwise removed. Due to the wax model’s ability to be finely carved or sculpted before being cast, the lost wax technique enables extremely fine precision and detail in the final metal casting. Fine details are frequently needed in sculptures, jewellery, and other beautiful metal objects, hence this technique is frequently used in their fabrication. The Lost Wax Technique is frequently used in modern practise in conjunction with cutting-edge tools like 3D printing or computer-aided design (CAD) to produce the initial wax model, improving the accuracy and effectiveness of the procedure.
Questions from the previous year’s UPSC Civil Services Exam (PYQ)
- Which of the following best describes/defines the inhabitants of the Indus Civilization? (2013)
- They had enormous temples and palaces.
- Both male and female deities were revered by them.
- In battle, they used chariots drawn by horses.
Using the codes below, choose the appropriate statement or statements:
(a) Only 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) None of the preceding assertions are true.
Ans: (b)
Origin: IE
LIGHTNING-FAST CURRENT AFFAIRS
MELA KHEER BHAWANI
Every year, Kashmiri Pandits travel to the Mata Kheer Bhawani temple in Ganderbal, Jammu, Kashmir. However, due to an increase in militant atrocities against Kashmiri Pandits in recent years, the pilgrimage has seen a fall in participation. Assaults on Pandits have increased since Jammu and Kashmir’s special status was revoked in 2019 in various locations throughout the area. The long history of Mela Kheer Bhawani represents the adoration and respect that people have for the heavenly Mother Ragnya Devi. It is observed on the Ashtami day during the waxing phase of the moon known as Shukla Paksha in the Jyeshta month (June–July). This lively event highlights the peaceful communal cohabitation that prevails in the area, promoting intercultural dialogue and a common appreciation for Kashmir’s rich past. The Mela is a symbol of the Kashmiri Pandit community’s unwavering faith and commitment to upholding their traditions in the face of obstacles like militant attacks. As the event continues to bring people together and instill optimism in the midst of hardship, it serves as a potent representation of resiliency.
COMMEMORATIVE COIN WITH THE VALUE OF 75 RUPEES
Prime Minister Narendra Modi introduced a commemorative coin with a denomination of Rs 75 during a momentous ceremony to honour the opening of the new Parliament building. Since the 1960s, India has produced commemorative coins to honour prominent people, raise public awareness of government initiatives, and mark important historical occurrences. The recently produced Rs 75 coin has a 44mm-diameter circle for its form. It is made of a quaternary alloy with a silver, copper, nickel, and zinc content of 50%, 40%, 5%, and 5%, respectively. The Lion Capitol of Ashoka Pillar is depicted in the coin’s centre, with the phrase Satyameva Jayate appearing below it. On the left margin is written the word Bharat in Devnagri script, and on the right is written “INDIA” in English. The opposite side displays a picture of the new parliament building, with the words “Sansad Sankul” written in Devanagari script on the upper periphery and “Parliament Complex” written in English on the lower periphery. You can purchase commemorative coins at the SPMCIL (Securities of Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited) website. These coins have collectible value, but because they frequently contain precious metals like silver or gold, their true value may differ from their face value. According to the Coinage Act of 2011, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has a limited role in the distribution of coins and has no jurisdiction to design or mint them. In government-owned mints in Mumbai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and Noida, all coins are produced. When Jawaharlal Nehru passed away in 1964, India’s first commemorative currency was issued in his honour.
BY 2027, UPI TRANSACTIONS ARE EXPECTED TO RULE THE INDIAN DIGITAL PAYMENTS MARKET.
Unified Payments Interface (UPI) transactions are anticipated to surpass the astounding milestone of 1 billion per day by the fiscal year 2026–2027, according to a report by PwC India titled “The Indian Payments Handbook– 2022–27.” It is projected that this growth spurt will account for 90% of retail digital payments in the nation, further establishing UPI’s role as the innovator behind India’s digital payments revolution. The report notes that during the fiscal year 2022–2023, UPI accounted for over 75% of all transaction volume in the retail industry. In terms of transaction volume, the Indian digital payments market is anticipated to develop at an impressive compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 50%, rising from an estimated 103 billion transactions in FY 2022–23 to 411 billion transactions in FY 2026–27. The paper also highlights the profitability of the credit card industry, which will generate roughly 76% of all card sales in 2022–2023. According to the report, revenue from credit card issuance increased significantly by 42% from the previous year and is projected to climb at a CAGR of 33% over the following five years.
CAMPAIGN TO BAN CHILD MARRIAGE IN UDAIPUR
In Udaipur, Rajasthan, the district administration has started a proactive push to reduce child marriages in the area in cooperation with NGOs. A helpline number has been established to make reporting easier while protecting the callers’ privacy. People who report instances of underage marriage will be rewarded with a monetary prize of Rs 2,100 as a reward. For the campaign, the district government has formed specialised teams that are focused on securing injunction orders against the families who are supporting child weddings. These decrees declare the marriage void from the beginning, removing the requirement for the bride and groom to wait until they are of legal age before filing a lawsuit. A noteworthy accomplishment is the granting of an injunction order in Udaipur pursuant to Section 13(1) of the Child Marriage Prohibition Act, 2006.